Akyol, Z., & Garrison, D. R. (2011). Understanding cognitive presence in an online and blended community of inquiry: Assessing outcomes and processes for deep approaches to learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(2), 233–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.01029.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Alaaraj, H., & Ibrahim, F. W. (2014). An overview and classification of e-readiness assessment models. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(12), 1–5.
Google Scholar
Ala-Mutka, K. (2011). Mapping digital competence: Towards a conceptual understanding. Seville: Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS), European Commission, Joint Research Centre Retrieved from http://ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC67075_TN.pdf.
Google Scholar
Al-Araibi, A. A. M., Mahrin, M., & Mohd, R. C. (2016). A systematic literature review of technological factors for e-learning readiness in higher education. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 93(2), 500–521.
Google Scholar
Aldhafeeri, F. M., & Khan, B. H. (2016). Teachers’ and students’ views on e-learning readiness in kuwait’s secondary public schools. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 45(2), 202–235. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239516646747.
Article
Google Scholar
Alhassan, R. (2016). Mobile learning as a method of ubiquitous learning: Students’ attitudes, readiness, and possible barriers to implementation in higher education. Journal of Education and Learning, 5(1), 176. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v5n1p176.
Article
Google Scholar
Anderson, T., & Dron, J. (2010). Three generations of distance education pedagogy. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 12(3), 80–97.
Article
Google Scholar
Aparicio, M., Bacao, F., & Oliveira, T. (2016). An e-learning theoretical framework. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 19(1), 292–307.
Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28(2), 117–148. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2802_3.
Article
Google Scholar
Barber, W., DiGiuseppe, M., vanOostveen, R., Blayone, T., & Koroluk, J. (2016). Examining student and educator use of digital technology in an online world. Paper presented at the second International Symposium on Higher Education in Transformation, UOIT, Oshawa.
Beetham, H., & Sharpe, R. (2007). Rethinking pedagogy for a digital age: Designing for 21st century learning. New York: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Blayone, T., Mykhailenko, O., VanOostveen, R., Grebeshkov, O., Hrebeshkova, O., & Vostryakov, O. (2017). Surveying digital competencies of university students and professors in Ukraine for fully online collaborative learning. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2017.1391871.
Blayone, T., vanOostveen, R., Barber, W., DiGiuseppe, M., & Childs, E. (2017). Democratizing digital learning: Theorizing the fully online learning community model. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(13), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0051-4.
Google Scholar
Blayone, T., vanOostveen, R., Mykhailenko, O., & Barber, W. (2017). Ready for digital learning? A mixed-methods exploration of surveyed technology competencies and authentic performance activity. Education and Information Technologies, 23(3), 1377–1402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-017-9662-6.
Article
Google Scholar
Blayone, T., vanOostveen, R., Mykhailenko, O., & Barber, W. (2018). Reexamining digital-learning readiness in higher education: Positioning digital competencies as key factors and a profile application as a readiness tool. Accepted for publication in International Journal on e-Learning.
Google Scholar
Blikstein, P., Kabayadondo, Z., Martin, A., & Fields, D. (2017). An assessment instrument of technological literacies in makerspaces and FabLabs. Journal of Engineering Education, 106(1), 149–175. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20156.
Article
Google Scholar
Bocconi, S., Chioccariello, A., Dettori, G., Ferrari, A., Engelhardt, K., Kampylis, P., & Punie, Y. (2016). Exploring the field of computational thinking as a 21st century skill. Paper presented at the EDULearn 2016 8th Annual International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, Barcelona.
Börzel, T. A. (2015). The noble west and the dirty rest? Western democracy promoters and illiberal regional powers. Democratization, 22(3), 519–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2014.1000312.
Article
Google Scholar
Bradlow, E. T., Hoch, S. J., & Hutchinson, J. W. (2002). An assessment of basic computer proficiency among active internet users: Test construction, calibration, antecedents and consequences. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 27(3), 237–253. https://doi.org/10.3102/10769986027003237.
Article
Google Scholar
Bui, T. X., Sankaran, S., & Sebastian, I. M. (2003). A framework for measuring national e-readiness. International Journal of Electronic Business, 1(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijeb.2003.002162.
Article
Google Scholar
Chipembele, M., Chipembele, M., Bwalya, K. J., & Bwalya, K. J. (2016). Assessing e-readiness of the Copperbelt University, Zambia: Case study. The International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 33(5), 315–332. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJILT-01-2016-0005.
Article
Google Scholar
Correa, T. (2015). Digital skills and social media use: How internet skills are related to different types of Facebook use among ‘digital natives’. Information, Communication & Society, 19(8), 1095–1107. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2015.1084023.
Article
Google Scholar
Crompton, H., Burke, D., Gregory, K. H., & Gräbe, C. (2016). The use of mobile learning in science: A systematic review. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 25, 149–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-015-9597-x.
Article
Google Scholar
Dalsgaard, C., & Paulsen, M. F. (2009). Transparency in cooperative online education. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 10(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v10i3.671.
Article
Google Scholar
Darab, B., & Montazer, G. A. (2011). An eclectic model for assessing e-learning readiness in the Iranian universities. Computers & Education, 56(3), 900–910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.11.002.
Article
Google Scholar
De Corte, E., Engwall, L., & Teichler, U. (2016). The hype of MOOCs. In E. De Corte, L. Engwall, & U. Teichler (Eds.), From books to MOOCS? Emerging models of learning and teaching in higher education, (vol. 88, pp. xv–xxv). London: Portland Press.
Google Scholar
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01.
Article
Google Scholar
Delcour, L., & Wolczuk, K. (2015). Spoiler or facilitator of democratization?: Russia's role in Georgia and Ukraine. Democratization, 22(3), 459–478. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2014.996135.
Article
Google Scholar
Demir, Ö., & Yurdugül, H. (2015). The exploration of models regarding e-learning readiness: Reference model suggestions. International Journal of Progressive Education, 11(1), 173–194.
Google Scholar
Desjardins, F. J. (2005). Teachers’ representations of their computer related competencies profile: Toward a theory of ICT. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology/La revue canadienne de l’apprentissage et de la technologie, 31(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.21432/t2f603.
MathSciNet
Google Scholar
Desjardins, F. J., Lacasse, R., & Belair, L. M. (2001). Toward a definition of four orders of competency for the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in education. In Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference. Computers and Advanced Technology in Education, (pp. 213–217). Banff: ACTA Press.
Google Scholar
Desjardins, F. J., & vanOostveen, R. (2015). Faculty and student use of digital technology in a “laptop” university. In S. Carliner, C. Fulford, & N. Ostashewski (Eds.), EdMedia: World conference on educational media and technology 2015, (pp. 990–996). Montreal: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
Google Scholar
Desjardins, F. J., vanOostveen, R., Bullock, S., DiGiuseppe, M., & Robertson, L. (2010). Exploring graduate student’s use of computer-based technologies for online learning. In J. Herrington, & C. Montgomerie (Eds.), EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2010, (pp. 440–444). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
Dewey, J. (1897). My pedagogical creed. School Journal, 54(3), 77–80.
Google Scholar
Dickie, V. A., & Meier, H. (2015). The Facebook tutor: Networking education. Ubiquitous Learning: An International Journal, 8(2), 15–20.
Google Scholar
DiGiuseppe, M., Partosoedarso, E., vanOostveen, R., & Desjardins, F. J. (2013). Exploring competency development with mobile devices. In M. B. Nunes, & M. McPherson (Eds.), International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) International Conference on e-Learning, (pp. 384–388). Prague: International Association for Development of the Information Society.
Google Scholar
Dray, B. J., Lowenthal, P. R., Miszkiewicz, M. J., Ruiz-Primo, M. A., & Marczynski, K. (2011). Developing an instrument to assess student readiness for online learning: A validation study. Distance Education, 32(1), 29–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2011.565496.
Article
Google Scholar
Ed-Era. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.ed-era.com/
EILAB. (2017). Digital Competency Profiler. Retrieved from https://dcp.eilab.ca/
Ellefsen, L. (2015). An investigation into perceptions of Facebook-use in higher education. International Journal of Higher Education, 5(1), 160–172. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v5n1p160.
Article
Google Scholar
Ferrari, A. (2013). DIGCOMP: A framework for developing and understanding digital competence in Europe. Seville: Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS), European Commission, Joint Research Centre Retrieved from http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC83167/lb-na-26035-enn.pdf.
Google Scholar
Garrison, D. R. (2016). Thinking collaboratively: Learning in a community of inquiry. New York: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Garrison, D. R. (2017). E-learning in the 21st century: A community of inquiry framework for research and practice, (3rd ed., ). New York: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2001). Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923640109527071.
Article
Google Scholar
Garrison, D. R., & Archer, W. (2000). A transactional perspective on teaching and learning: A framework for adult and higher education. New York: Pergamon.
Google Scholar
Gay, G. (2016). An assessment of online instructor e-learning readiness before, during, and after course delivery. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 28(2), 199–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-016-9115-z.
Article
Google Scholar
Gravel, C. A., & Dubko, L. (2013). Delivering an online MBA program for future business leaders in Ukraine: A success story. Distance Learning, 10(2), 25–28.
Google Scholar
Gunawardena, C. N. (2014). Globalization, culture, and online distance learning. In O. Zawacki-Richter, & T. Anderson (Eds.), Online distance education: Towards a research agenda, (pp. 75–107). Edmonton: AU Press, Athabasca University.
Google Scholar
Habibov, N. (2016). Effect of corruption on healthcare satisfaction in post-soviet nations: A cross-country instrumental variable analysis of twelve countries. Social Science & Medicine, 152, 119–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.044.
Article
Google Scholar
Haerpfer, C. W., & Kizilova, K. (2014). Support for democracy in postcommunist Europe and post-soviet Eurasia. In R. J. Dalton, & C. Welzel (Eds.), The civic culture transformed: From allegiant to assertive citizens, (pp. 158–189). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Halpern, D., & Gibbs, J. (2013). Social media as a catalyst for online deliberation? Exploring the affordances of Facebook and YouTube for political expression. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 1159–1168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.008.
Article
Google Scholar
Halverson, L. R., Graham, C. R., Spring, K. J., Drysdale, J. S., & Henrie, C. R. (2014). A thematic analysis of the most highly cited scholarship in the first decade of blended learning research. The Internet and Higher Education, 20, 20–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2013.09.004.
Article
Google Scholar
Hargittai, E., & Shafer, S. (2006). Differences in actual and perceived online skills: The role of gender. Social Science Quarterly, 87(2), 432–448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00389.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Hung, M.-L. (2016). Teacher readiness for online learning: Scale development and teacher perceptions. Computers & Education, 94, 120–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.11.012.
Article
Google Scholar
Hung, M.-L., Chou, C., & Chen, C.-H. (2010). Learner readiness for online learning: Scale development and student perceptions. Computers & Education, 55(3), 1080–1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.05.004.
Article
Google Scholar
Ianishevska, K. (2017). Ukrainian ICT trends–moderate moves and fresh optimism. Ukraine Democracy Initiative Retrieved from http://ukrainedemocracy.org/?articles=article-ukrainian-ict-trends-moderate-moves-fresh-optimism.
IEEE (1990). IEEE standard computer dictionary: A compilation of IEEE standard computer glossaries. New York: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Google Scholar
Iordache, E., Mariën, I., & Baelden, D. (2017). Developing digital skills and competences: A quick-scan analysis of 13 digital literacy models. Italian Journal of Sociology of Education, 9(1), 6–30. https://doi.org/10.14658/pupj-ijse-2017-1-2.
Google Scholar
Jonassen, D. H., & Rohner-Murphy, L. (1999). Activity as a framework for designing constructivist learning environments. Educational Technology Research & Development, 47(1), 61–79.
Article
Google Scholar
Jun, S., Han, S., Kim, H., & Lee, W. (2014). Assessing the computational literacy of elementary students on a national level in Korea. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 26(4), 319–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-013-9185-7.
Article
Google Scholar
Kogyt, I. (2016). Хлопчики – направо, дівчатка – наліво. Як виглядає гендерна рівність в освіті [Boys to the right, girls to the left. How gender equality looks in education]. Ukrainian Pravda Retrieved from https://life.pravda.com.ua/society/2016/07/6/214737/.
Kosinski, M., Matz, S. C., Gosling, S. D., Popov, V., & Stillwell, D. (2015). Facebook as a research tool for the social sciences: Opportunities, challenges, ethical considerations, and practical guidelines. American Psychologist, 70(6), 543–556. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039210.
Article
Google Scholar
Kuuti, K. (1995). Activity theory as a potential framework for human-computer interaction research. In B. A. Nardi (Ed.), Context and consciousness: Activity theory and human computer interaction, (pp. 17–44). Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Google Scholar
Langemeyer, I. (2011). Science and social practice: Action research and activity theory as socio-critical approaches. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 18(2), 148–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749039.2010.497983.
Article
Google Scholar
Lin, H.-H., Lin, S., Yeh, C.-H., Wang, Y.-S., & Jansen, J. (2015). Measuring mobile learning readiness: Scale development and validation. Internet Research, 26(1), 265–287. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-10-2014-0241.
Article
Google Scholar
Litt, E. (2013). Measuring users’ internet skills: A review of past assessments and a look toward the future. New Media & Society, 15(4), 612–630. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813475424.
Article
Google Scholar
Luhn, A. (2017). Ukraine blocks popular social networks as part of sanctions on Russia. The Guardian Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/16/ukraine-blocks-popular-russian-websites-kremlin-role-war.
Mittelmeier, J., Heliot, Y., Rienties, B., & Whitelock, D. (2015). The role culture and personality play in an authentic online group learning experience. Brighton: Paper presented at the EDiNEB 22, Brighton Business School.
Google Scholar
Mykhailenko, O., Blayone, T., & vanOostveen, R.. (2016). Exploring democratized learning and dimensions of culture for educational transformation in Ukraine. RIDRU Conference: Higher Education Reforms in Post-Maidan Ukraine, October 25, 2016. [Video Presentation] retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_xOb3LpLfY#t=3h4m56s
Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2002). The concept of flow. In C. R. Snyder, & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology, (pp. 89–105). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Palalas, A., Berezin, N., Gunawardena, C. N., & Kramer, G. (2015). A design based research framework for implementing a transnational mobile and blended learning solution. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 7(4), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJMBL.2015100104.
Article
Google Scholar
Pangrazio, L. (2014). Reconceptualising critical digital literacy. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 37(2), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2014.942836.
Google Scholar
Parasuraman, A. (2000). Technology readiness index (TRI) a multiple-item scale to measure readiness to embrace new technologies. Journal of Service Research, 2(4), 307–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/109467050024001.
Article
Google Scholar
Parkes, M., Stein, S., & Reading, C. (2015). Student preparedness for university e-learning environments. The Internet and Higher Education, 25, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2014.10.002.
Article
Google Scholar
Parrish, P., & Linder-VanBerschot, J. (2010). Cultural dimensions of learning: Addressing the challenges of multicultural instruction. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 11(2), 1–19.
Article
Google Scholar
Paulsen, M. F. (2003). Online education and learning management systems: Global e-Learning in a Scandinavian perspective, (1st ed., ). Bekkestua: NKI Forlaget.
Google Scholar
Paulsen, M. F. (2008). Cooperative online education. Seminar.net: International Journal of Media, Technology and Lifelong Learning, 4(2), 1–20.
Google Scholar
Pillay, H., Irving, K., & Tones, M. (2007). Validation of the diagnostic tool for assessing tertiary students’ readiness for online learning. High Education Research & Development, 26(2), 217–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360701310821.
Article
Google Scholar
Powell, D. V., Kuzmina, S., Kuzmin, Y., Yamchynska, T., & Shestopalyuk, O. (2014). Using web-blended learning in Ukraine to facilitate engagement and globalize horizons: A pilot study. The Online Journal of Distance Education and e-Learning, 2(2), 34–41.
Google Scholar
Powell, D. V., Kuzmina, S., Yamchynska, T., Shestopalyuk, O. V., & Kuzmin, Y. (2015). Educational technologies for maturing democratic approaches to educational practices in Ukraine. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 176, 378–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.485.
Article
Google Scholar
Prometheus. (2017). Retrieved from https://prometheus.org.ua/. Accessed 9 July 2018.
Raikhel, E., & Bemme, D. (2016). Postsocialism, the psy-ences and mental health. Transcultural Psychiatry, 53(2), 151–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461516635534.
Article
Google Scholar
Raver, S. A. (2007). The emergence of inclusion for students with disabilities in Ukraine. International Journal of Special Education, 22(1), 32–38.
Article
Google Scholar
Richardson, J. C., Arbaugh, J. B., Cleveland-Innes, M., Ice, P., Swan, K. P., & Garrison, D. R. (2012). Using the community of inquiry framework to inform effective instructional design. In L. Moller, & J. B. Huett (Eds.), The next generation of distance education: Unconstrained learning, (pp. 97–125). New York: Springer-Verlag.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Roztocki, N., & Weistroffer, H. R. (2015). Information and communication technology in transition economies: An assessment of research trends. Information Technology for Development, 21(3), 330–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2014.891498.
Article
Google Scholar
Sapsford, R., Abbott, P., Haerpfer, C., & Wallace, C. (2015). Trust in Post-Soviet Countries, ten years on. European Politics and Society, 16(4), 523–539. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2015.1039286.
Article
Google Scholar
Siemens, G., Gašević, D., & Dawson, S. (2015). Preparing for the digital university: A review of the history and current state of distance, blended, and online learning. Retrieved from http://linkresearchlab.org/PreparingDigitalUniversity.pdf
Social Progress Imperative. (2017a). Social Index Scorecard: Georgia. Retrieved from https://www.socialprogressindex.com/?tab=2&code=GEO. Accessed 9 July 2018.
Social Progress Imperative. (2017b). Social Index Scorecard: Ukraine. Retrieved from https://www.socialprogressindex.com/?tab=2&code=UKR. Accessed 9 July 2018.
Somekh, B., & Nissen, M. (2011). Cultural-historical activity theory and action research. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 18(2), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749039.2010.523102.
Article
Google Scholar
Statista. (2017). Global social media ranking 2017. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users/. Accessed 9 July 2018.
Stern, S., Wares, A., & Epner, T. (2017). Social Progress Index 2017 Methodology Report. Retrieved from https://www.socialprogressindex.com/assets/downloads/resources/en/English-2017-Social-Progress-Index-Methodology-Report_embargo-until-June-21-2017.pdf. Accessed 9 July 2018.
Swan, K. (2010). Teaching and learning in post-industrial distance education. In M. F. Cleveland-Innes, & D. R. Garrison (Eds.), An introduction to distance education: Understanding teaching and learning in a new era, (pp. 108–134). New York: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Swan, K., Garrison, D. R., & Richardson, J. (2009). A constructivist approach to online learning: The Community of Inquiry framework. In C. R. Payne (Ed.), Information technology and constructivism in higher education: Progressive learning frameworks, (pp. 43–57). Hershey: IGI Global.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Synytsya, K., & Manako, A. (2010). eLearning in Ukraine. In U. Demiray, L. Vainio, M. C. Sahin, G. Kurubacak, P. T. Lounaskorpi, S. R. Rao, & C. Machado (Eds.), Cases on challenges facing e-Learning and national development: Institutional studies and practices, (pp. 989–1007). Eskisehir: Anadolu University.
Google Scholar
van Deursen, A. J. A. M., Helsper, E. J., & Eynon, R. (2016). Development and validation of the Internet Skills Scale (ISS). Information, Communication & Society, 19(6), 804–823. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1078834.
Article
Google Scholar
van Rooij, S. W., & Zirkle, K. (2016). Balancing pedagogy, student readiness and accessibility: A case study in collaborative online course development. The Internet and Higher Education, 28, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.08.001.
Article
Google Scholar
vanOostveen, R. (2016). Bachelor of Arts in Educational Studies and Digital Technology handbook. Oshawa: Internal program guide. Faculty of Education. UOIT.
Google Scholar
vanOostveen, R., DiGiuseppe, M., Barber, W., & Blayone, T. (2016). Developing learning communities in fully online spaces. Oshawa: Paper presented at the second international symposium on higher education in transformation.
Google Scholar
vanOostveen, R., DiGiuseppe, M., Barber, W., Blayone, T., & Childs, E. (2016). New conceptions for digital technology sandboxes: Developing a fully online learning communities (FOLC) model. In G. Veletsianos (Ed.), EdMedia 2016: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology, (pp. 665–673). Vancouver: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
Google Scholar
Vuorikari, R., Punie, Y., Gomez, S. C., & Van Den Brande, G. (2016). DigComp 2.0: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens. Update Phase 1: The Conceptual Reference Model. Retrieved from Luxembourg Publication Office of the European Union. EUR 27948 EN: http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC101254.
Watkins, R., Leigh, D., & Triner, D. (2004). Assessing readiness for e-learning. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 17(4), 66–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-8327.2004.tb00321.x.
Article
Google Scholar