ABET (2018). Criteria for accrediting engineering programs, 2018–2019.
Achuthan, K., Francis, S. P., & Diwakar, S. (2017). Augmented reflective learning and knowledge retention perceived among students in classrooms involving virtual laboratories. Education and Information Technologies, 22(6), 2825–2855.
Article
Google Scholar
Achuthan, K., Freeman, J. D., Nedungadi, P., Mohankumar, U., Varghese, A., Vasanthakumari, A. M., et al. (2020). Remote triggered dual-axis solar irradiance measurement system. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 56(2), 1742–1751.
Article
Google Scholar
Achuthan, K., Kolil, V. K., & Diwakar, S. (2018). Using virtual laboratories in chemistry classrooms as interactive tools towards modifying alternate conceptions in molecular symmetry. Education and Information Technologies, 23(6), 2499–2515.
Article
Google Scholar
Aguilera-Hermida, A.P. (2020). College students’ use and acceptance of emergency online learning due to covid-19. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 1(100), 011.
AICTE (2019). Model Syllabus, Government of India, All India Council for Technical Education. https://www.aicte-india.org/education/model-syllabus, accessed: June 16, 2019.
Anwar, A. A., & Richards, D. J. (2018). A comparison of ec and abet accreditation criteria. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice.
ASTM (2017). E132-17, Standard Test Method for Poisson’s Ratio at Room Temperature, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. http://www.astm.org/cgi-bin/resolver.cgi?E132-17, accessed: November 16, 2020.
Bali S, Liu M (2018). Students’ perceptions toward online learning and face-to-face learning courses. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol 1108.
Brinson, J. R. (2015). Learning outcome achievement in non-traditional (virtual and remote) versus traditional (hands-on) laboratories: a review of the empirical research. Computers & Education, 87, 218–237.
Article
Google Scholar
Clough MP (2002). Using the laboratory to enhance student learning. Learning science and the science of learning pp 85–94.
Cooper, M., & Ferreira, J. M. (2009). Remote laboratories extending access to science and engineering curricular. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 2(4), 342–353.
Article
Google Scholar
Corter, J. E., Esche, S. K., Chassapis, C., Ma, J., & Nickerson, J. V. (2011). Process and learning outcomes from remotely-operated, simulated, and hands-on student laboratories. Computers & Education, 57(3), 2054–2067.
Article
Google Scholar
De Jong, T., Linn, M. C., & Zacharia, Z. C. (2013). Physical and virtual laboratories in science and engineering education. Science, 340(6130), 305–308.
Article
Google Scholar
Delgaty L (2018). Transactional distance theory: A critical view of the theoretical and pedagogical underpinnings of e-learning. In: Interactive Multimedia-Multimedia Production and Digital Storytelling, IntechOpen.
Demir Kaymak, Z., & Horzum, M. B. (2013). Relationship between online learning readiness and structure and interaction of online learning students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(3), 1792–1797.
Google Scholar
Feisel, L. D., & Rosa, A. J. (2005). The role of the laboratory in undergraduate engineering education. Journal of engineering Education, 94(1), 121–130.
Article
Google Scholar
Fila, N. D., & Loui, M. C. (2014). Structured pairing in a first-year electrical and computer engineering laboratory: The effects on student retention, attitudes, and teamwork. International Journal of Engineering Education.
Garrison, R. (2000). Theoretical challenges for distance education in the 21st century: A shift from structural to transactional issues. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 1(1).
Gillet, D., Geoffroy, F., Zeramdini, K., Nguyen, A., Rekik, Y., & Piguet, Y. (2003). The cockpit: an effective metaphor for web-based experimentation in engineering education. International Journal of Engineering Education, 19(3), 389–397.
Google Scholar
Gleich, D., Sarjaš, A., Malajner, M., Miteva, P., Josifovska, J. S., Bozinovska, N., et al. (2020). Corela collaborative learning environment for electrical engineering education. 2020 International Conference on Systems (pp. 169–172). IEEE: Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP).
Google Scholar
Gliem JA, Gliem RR (2003). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for likert-type scales. In: Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, pp 1–7.
Goel, L., Zhang, P., & Templeton, M. (2012). Transactional distance revisited: bridging face and empirical validity. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(4), 1122–1129.
Article
Google Scholar
Heradio, R., De La Torre, L., Galan, D., Cabrerizo, F. J., Herrera-Viedma, E., & Dormido, S. (2016). Virtual and remote labs in education: a bibliometric analysis. Computers & Education, 98, 14–38.
Article
Google Scholar
Huang, X., Chandra, A., DePaolo, C., Cribbs, J., & Simmons, L. (2015). Measuring transactional distance in web-based learning environments: an initial instrument development. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 30(2), 106–126.
Article
Google Scholar
Jara, C. A., Candelas-Herías, F. A., & Torres, F. (2008). Virtual and remote laboratory for robotics e-learning. INV - HURO - Comunicaciones a Congresos.
Jung I (2000). Enhancing teaching and learning through research: Focusing on web-based distance education. Enhancing Learning and Teaching through Research 1.
Jung, I. (2001). Building a theoretical framework of web-based instruction in the context of distance education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 32(5), 525–534.
Article
Google Scholar
Jung, I. S. (2000). Internet-based distance education: annotated bibliography. Educational Technology International, 2(1), 139–171.
Google Scholar
Kearsley, G., & Moore, M. (2012). Distance education: a systems view of online learning. Wadsworth.
Kolil, V. K., Muthupalani, S., & Achuthan, K. (2020). Virtual experimental platforms in chemistry laboratory education and its impact on experimental self-efficacy. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(1), 1–22.
Article
Google Scholar
Komorek M, & Kattmann U (2008). The model of educational reconstruction. Four decades of research in science education–from curriculum development to quality improvement pp 171–188.
Lal S, Lucey AD, Lindsay E, Treagust DF, Mocerino M, Long JM, & Zadnik M (2018). The effects of remote laboratory implementation on freshman engineering students’ experience. In: ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings (ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings), pp 1–14.
Lal S, Lucey AD, Lindsay ED, Treagust DF, Mocerino M, Zadnik MG, et al. (2019) A study of the relative importance of student interactions for the attainment of laboratory-learning outcomes. In: 30th Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE. (2019). Educators Becoming Agents of Change: Innovate (p. 372). Integrate, Motivate: Engineers Australia.
Lindsay, E., Naidu, S., Good, M., et al. (2007). A different kind of difference: theoretical implications of using technology to overcome separation in remote laboratories. International Journal of Engineering Education, 23(4), 772.
Google Scholar
Lowe, D., Murray, S., Lindsay, E., & Liu, D. (2009). Evolving remote laboratory architectures to leverage emerging internet technologies. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 2(4), 289–294.
Article
Google Scholar
Lowe, D., Newcombe, P., & Stumpers, B. (2013). Evaluation of the use of remote laboratories for secondary school science education. Research in Science Education, 43(3), 1197–1219.
Article
Google Scholar
Lowe, P., Murray, S., Li, D., & Lindsay, E. (2008). Remotely accessible laboratories-enhancing learning outcomes. Australian learning and Teaching Council.
Ma, J., & Nickerson, J. V. (2006). Hands-on, simulated, and remote laboratories: a comparative literature review. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 38(3), 7.
Article
Google Scholar
Mao B, Cui J, Chen K, Shu H, Shen X, & Shao H (2019). Deformation measurement of testing machine based on laser interference method. In: Tenth International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurements and Instrumentation, International Society for Optics and Photonics, vol 11053, p 1105321.
May D, Terkowsky C, Ortelt TR, & Tekkaya AE (2016). The evaluation of remote laboratories: Development and application of a holistic model for the evaluation of online remote laboratories in manufacturing technology education. In: 2016 13th International Conference on Remote Engineering and Virtual Instrumentation (REV), IEEE, pp 133–142.
Messman, S., & Jones-Corley, J. (2001). Effects of communication environment, immediacy, and communication apprehension on cognitive and affective learning. Communication Monographs, 68(2), 184–200.
Article
Google Scholar
Moore M (1989). Three types of interaction; the American Journal of Distance Education.
Moore M, & William A (2007). Handbook of distance education. mahwah, nj: L.
Moore, M. G. (1973). Toward a theory of independent learning and teaching. The Journal of Higher Education, 44(9), 661–679.
Article
Google Scholar
Moore, M. G. (1991). Distance education theory. American Journal of Distance Education, 5(3), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923649109526758.
Article
Google Scholar
Moore, M. G. (1993). Theory of transactional distance. Theoretical Principles of Distance Education, 1, 22–38.
Google Scholar
Moore MG, & Kearsley G (2011). Distance education: a systems view of online learning. Cengage Learning.
Murphy KL, & Collins MP (1997). Communication conventions in instructional electronic chats. First monday.
Nedungadi P, Raman R, Achuthan K, & Diwakar S (2011). Virtual labs collaborative & accessibility platform (vlcap). In: Proceedings of the IAJC/ISAM Conference, Paper, vol 276, p 10.
NI-9211 (2018). Control and aerodynamic data acquisition system for the wind tunnel at mondragon university—solutions—national instruments. http://sine.ni.com/nips/cds/view/p/lang/en/nid/208790, accessed: November 09, 2018.
NI-9235 (2018). Cable lengths and transmission speeds—national instruments. http://www.ni.com/en-in/support/model.ni-9235.html, accessed: November 09, 2018.
Nickerson, J. V., Corter, J. E., Esche, S. K., & Chassapis, C. (2007). A model for evaluating the effectiveness of remote engineering laboratories and simulations in education. Computers & Education, 49(3), 708–725.
Article
Google Scholar
Park, J. J., Choe, N. H., Schallert, D. L., & Forbis, A. K. (2017). The chemical engineering research laboratory as context for graduate students’ training: the role of lab structure and cultural climate in collaborative work. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 13, 113–122.
Pauls TS (2003). The importance of interaction in online courses. Ohio Learning Network.
Raman, R., Nedungadi, P., Achuthan, K., & Diwakar, S. (2011). Integrating collaboration and accessibility for deploying virtual labs using vlcap. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 2(5), 547–560.
Google Scholar
Rapuano, S., & Zoino, F. (2006). A learning management system including laboratory experiments on measurement instrumentation. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 55(5), 1757–1766.
Article
Google Scholar
Saba, F. (2012). A systems approach to the future of distance education in colleges and universities: research, development, and implementation. Continuing Higher Education Review, 76, 30–37.
Google Scholar
Satterthwait, D. (2010). Why are’hands-on’science activities so effective for student learning? Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association, 56(2).
Seifan, M., Robertson, N., & Berenjian, A. (2020). Use of virtual learning to increase key laboratory skills and essential non-cognitive characteristics. Education for Chemical Engineers.
Sher, A. (2009). Assessing the relationship of student-instructor and student-student interaction to student learning and satisfaction in web-based online learning environment. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 8(2).
Stamovlasis, D., Dimos, A., & Tsaparlis, G. (2006). A study of group interaction processes in learning lower secondary physics. Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, 43(6), 556–576.
Article
Google Scholar
Sun A, & Chen X (2016). Online education and its effective practice: a research review. Journal of Information Technology Education 15.
Tirado-Morueta, R., Sánchez-Herrera, R., Márquez-Sánchez, M. A., Mejías-Borrero, A., & Andujar-Márquez, J. M. (2018). Exploratory study of the acceptance of two individual practical classes with remote labs. European Journal of Engineering Education, 43(2), 278–295.
Article
Google Scholar
Tzafestas, C. S., Palaiologou, N., & Alifragis, M. (2006). Virtual and remote robotic laboratory: comparative experimental evaluation. IEEE Transactions on Education, 49(3), 360–369.
Article
Google Scholar
Vargas, H., Sánchez, J., Jara, C. A., Candelas, F. A., Torres, F., & Dormido, S. (2011). A network of automatic control web-based laboratories. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 4(3), 197–208.
Article
Google Scholar
Wei, J., Mocerino, M., Treagust, D. F., Lucey, A. D., Zadnik, M. G., Lindsay, E. D., & Carter, D. J. (2018). Developing an understanding of undergraduate student interactions in chemistry laboratories. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 19(4), 1186–1198.
Article
Google Scholar
Wei, J., Treagust, D. F., Mocerino, M., Lucey, A. D., Zadnik, M. G., & Lindsay, E. D. (2019). Understanding interactions in face-to-face and remote undergraduate science laboratories: a literature review. Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Science Education Research, 1(1), 14.
Article
Google Scholar
WHO (2020). Coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic-world health organization 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019, retrieved Dec 28, 2020.