Table 2 The relationship between the quality of essays and peer and ChatGPT-generated feedback
From: Feedback sources in essay writing: peer-generated or AI-generated feedback?
Feedback quality | Essay writing quality | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Introduction | Position | Arg. Fav. | Just. Fav. | Arg. Aga. | Just. Aga. | Res. Arg. | Conclusion | Overall | ||
Affective | ChatGPT feedback | 0.14 | 0.19 | -0.05 | 0.09 | 0.22 | 0.01 | 0.27* | 0.14 | 0.28* |
Peer feedback | -0.29* | -0.22 | -0.05 | -0.15 | -0.07 | -0.18 | -0.04 | 0.02 | -0.23* | |
Description | ChatGPT feedback | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Peer feedback | -0.25* | -0.06 | -0.11 | -0.23* | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.16 | -0.13 | -0.08 | |
Identification | ChatGPT feedback | 0.02 | -0.16 | -0.08 | -0.01 | -0.14 | 0.04 | -0.15 | -0.09 | -0.10 |
Peer feedback | -0.16 | -0.17 | 0.00 | -0.01 | 0.08 | -0.02 | 0.01 | -0.05 | -0.06 | |
Justification | ChatGPT feedback | 0.00 | -0.30* | 0.07 | 0.00 | -0.19 | -0.03 | -0.09 | -0.22 | -0.18 |
Peer feedback | 0.01 | -0.18 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.03 | -0.06 | 0.07 | -0.05 | -0.02 | |
Constructive | ChatGPT feedback | 0.04 | 0.09 | -0.19 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.09 | -0.09 | 0.05 |
Peer feedback | 0.15 | -0.16 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.10 | -0.02 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.12 | |
Overall | ChatGPT feedback | 0.05 | -0.16 | -0.04 | 0.01 | -0.11 | 0.02 | -0.06 | -0.15 | -0.08 |
Peer feedback | -0.12 | -0.30* | 0.00 | -0.04 | 0.11 | -0.01 | 0.12 | 0.04 | -0.05 | |