Table 1 Search terms used for this systematic review

“systematic” AND “dropout”

“systematic” AND “dropout” AND “online”

“review” AND “dropout” AND “online”

“systematic” AND “dropout” AND “online” OR “university”

“review” AND “dropout” AND “online” OR “university”

“review” AND “dropout” AND “online” OR “university” OR “course”

“systematic” AND “dropout” AND “online” OR “university” OR “course”

“review” AND “dropout” AND “online” AND “course”

“systematic” AND “dropout” AND “course”

“systematic” AND “dropout” AND “course” AND “online”

“e-learning” AND “dropout” AND “higher education”

“technology enhanced learning” AND “dropout” AND “higher education”

“digital education” AND “dropout” AND “higher education”

“online education” AND “dropout” AND “higher education”

“dropout rate” AND “online education”

“student retention” AND “digital learning”

“e-learning” AND “attrition”

“distance education” AND “dropout”

“online courses” AND “student engagement”

“online program” AND “dropout”

“virtual classroom” AND “dropout”

“online course design” AND “dropout “

“digital technology” AND “higher education” AND “retention”

“virtual instruction” AND “student success”

“digital tools” OR “online learning” OR “e-learning” OR “technology-enhanced learning” OR “digital education” OR “online education” AND “dropout” AND “higher education”

“university student” AND “dropout rate” AND “online education”

“college “ AND “retention “ AND “digital tools”

“university student” AND “engagement” AND “virtual learning”

“online course design” AND “university student” AND “dropout rate”

“virtual instruction” AND “success” AND “University”

“University “OR “online education” AND “dropout factors”