Is it harmful or helpful? Examining the causes and consequences of generative AI usage among university students

Table 4 Discriminant validity (Study 2)

	Fornell and Larcker criteria							Heterotrait-monotrait ratio
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. Workload	0.825
2. Time pressure	0.560	0.750						0.695
3. Sensitivity to rewards	0.174	0.051	0.945					0.208	0.072
4. Sensitivity to quality	0.266	0.104	0.489	0.879				0.346	0.161	0.611
5. Use of ChatGPT	0.216	0.236	− 0.051	0.038	0.772			0.233	0.266	0.088	0.086
6. Procrastination	0.276	0.366	0.062	0.050	0.307	0.760		0.336	0.493	0.075	0.089	0.361
7. Memory loss	0.278	0.246	0.111	0.053	0.273	0.551	0.820	0.345	0.334	0.139	0.084	0.322	0.724