Table 3 Factor loading, reliability, and validity (Study 2)

Workload (Peterson et al., 1995)

0.845

0.895

0.680

My academic workload is too heavy

0.861

I feel overloaded by the work my studies require

0.838

I feel overburdened due to my studies

0.810

The teacher(s) give too much work to do

0.788

Time pressure (Dapkus, 1985)

0.740

0.833

0.562

I don’t have enough time to prepare for my class projects

0.829

I don’t have enough time to complete study-related tasks with appropriate care

0.810

I find it difficult to submit my assignments and projects within the deadlines

0.804

I am often in hurry when it comes to meeting academic deadlines

0.511

Sensitivity to rewards

0.881

0.944

0.894

I am worried about my CGPA

0.947

I am concerned about my semester grades

0.944

Sensitivity to quality

0.717

0.871

0.773

I am concerned about the quality of my course projects

0.930

I am sensitive about the quality of my course assignments

0.825

Use of ChatGPT

0.903

0.922

0.596

I use ChatGPT for my academic activities

0.812

I use ChatGPT to prepare for my tests or quizzes

0.795

I use ChatGPT for my course projects

0.788

I use ChatGPT to learn course-related concepts

0.778

I rely on ChatGPT for my studies

0.771

I use ChatGPT for my course assignments

0.762

I am addicted to ChatGPT when it comes to studies

0.735

ChatGPT is part of my campus life

0.732

Procrastination (Choi & Moran, 2009)

0.756

0.845

0.577

I often fail to accomplish goals that I set for myself

0.795

I’m often running late when getting things done

0.792

I often start things at the last minute and find it difficult to complete them on time

0.739

I have difficulty finishing activities once I start them

0.710

Memory loss

0.757

0.860

0.672

Nowadays, I often forget things to do

0.862

Nowadays, I can’t retain too much in my mind

0.829

Nowadays, I feel that I am losing my memory

0.765