Table 2 Revised use of ChatGPT scale: factor loadings, communalities, and total variance extracted (Study 1)

I use ChatGPT for my course assignments

0.837

0.701

62.650

0.914

0.928

0.618

I use ChatGPT for my academic activities

0.824

0.680

I use ChatGPT for my course projects

0.798

0.637

I am addicted to ChatGPT when it comes to studies

0.792

0.627

I rely on ChatGPT for my studies

0.780

0.608

I use ChatGPT to prepare for my tests or quizzes

0.775

0.601

I use ChatGPT to learn course-related concepts

0.769

0.592

ChatGPT is part of my campus life

0.752

0.566