Table 9 Meta-regression results for the learning achievement of response from subject, educational level and region

Intercept

− 0.04

0.10

− 0.23

0.15

− 0.43

0.67

Subject

 1 = Business

0.24

0.21

− 0.16

0.64

1.17

0.24

Q^a = 22.63, df = 9,

p = 0.01*

 2 = Chemistry

0.06

0.22

− 0.36

0.48

0.28

0.78

 3 = Computer science

− 0.40

0.24

− 0.86

0.07

− 1.68

0.09

 4 = History

1.14

0.29

0.58

1.70

4.00

0.001**

 5 = Mathematics

0.16

0.21

− 0.26

0.57

0.73

0.47

 6 = Physics

0.16

0.21

− 0.25

0.57

0.77

0.44

 7 = Politics

− 0.02

0.23

− 0.47

0.43

− 0.08

0.93

 8 = Sociology

0.12

0.35

− 0.56

0.80

0.35

0.73

 9 = Varied

0.05

0.12

− 0.19

0.29

0.41

0.68

Educational level

 1 = Secondary

− 0.17

0.27

− 0.70

0.35

− 0.64

0.52

Q^a = 14.81, df = 3,

p = 0.001**

 2 = Post-secondary

0.00

0.16

− 0.31

0.31

0.01

0.99

 3 = Professional development

2.03

0.64

0.78

3.28

3.17

0.001**

Region

 1 = Asia

0.25

0.46

− 0.65

1.15

0.54

0.59

Q^a = 0.76, df = 2,

p = 0.68

 2 = Latin America

Region 0.21

0.26

− 0.73

0.30

− 0.81

0.42