Table 2 Descriptive analysis for quantitative results
From: A comprehensive AI policy education framework for university teaching and learning
Item | Students | Teachers | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean | Median | SD | N | Mean | Median | SD | |
I have used generative AI technologies like ChatGPT | 457 | 2.28 | 2 | 1.18 | 180 | 2.02 | 2 | 1.1 |
The integration of generative AI technologies like ChatGPT in higher education will have a positive impact on teaching and learning in the long run | 457 | 4 | 4 | 0.891 | 180 | 3.87 | 4 | 1.32 |
Higher education institutions should have a plan in place for managing the potential risks associated with using generative AI technologies like ChatGPT in teaching and learning | 457 | 4.5 | 5 | 0.854 | 180 | 4.54 | 5 | 0.874 |
I envision integrating generative AI technologies like ChatGPT into my teaching and learning practices in the future | 455 | 3.93 | 4 | 1.09 | 180 | 3.92 | 4 | 1.31 |
I am concerned that other students may use generative AI technologies like ChatGPT to get ahead in their assignments. /I am concerned that there may be an unfair advantage for some students as they may use generative AI technologies like ChatGPT to get ahead in their assignments | 456 | 3.67 | 4 | 1.22 | 180 | 3.93 | 4 | 1.12 |
AI technologies like ChatGPT will replace teachers in the future | 457 | 2.14 | 2 | 1.12 | 180 | 2.26 | 2 | 1.34 |
Students must learn how to use generative AI technologies well for their career | 457 | 4.07 | 4 | 0.998 | 180 | 4.1 | 4 | 1.08 |
Teachers can already accurately identify a student’s usage of generative AI technologies to partially complete an assignment | 457 | 3.02 | 3 | 1.56 | 180 | 2.72 | 2 | 1.62 |
Generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT can provide guidance for coursework as effectively as human teachers | 455 | 3.19 | 3 | 1.25 | 180 | 2.93 | 3 | 1.4 |
Using generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT to complete assignments undermines the value of a university education | 455 | 3.29 | 3 | 1.25 | 180 | 3.56 | 4 | 1.31 |
I can ask questions to generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT that I would otherwise not voice out to my teacher. /Students can ask questions to generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT that they would otherwise not voice out to their teacher | 454 | 3.51 | 4 | 1.2 | 180 | 3.97 | 4 | 1.06 |
Generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT will not judge me, so I feel comfortable with it. /Students will not feel judged by generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT, so they feel comfortable with it | 452 | 3.66 | 4 | 1.15 | 180 | 4 | 4 | 1.17 |
Generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT will limit my opportunities to interact with others and socialize while completing coursework. /Generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT will limit students’ opportunities to interact with others and socialize while completing coursework | 454 | 3.24 | 3 | 1.32 | 180 | 3.69 | 4 | 1.3 |
Generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT will hinder my development of generic or transferable skills such as teamwork, problem-solving, and leadership skills. /Generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT will hinder students’ development of generic or transferable skills such as teamwork, problem-solving, and leadership skills | 454 | 3.3 | 3 | 1.33 | 180 | 3.74 | 4 | 1.41 |
If a fully online programme with the assistance of a personalized AI tutor was available, I would be willing to pursue my degree through this option. /If a fully online programme with the assistance of a personalized AI tutor was available, students should be open to pursuing their degree through this option | 454 | 2.92 | 3 | 1.46 | 180 | 3.21 | 3 | 1.52 |
I can become over-reliant on generative AI technologies. /Students can become over-reliant on generative AI technologies | 454 | 3.11 | 3 | 1.35 | 180 | 4.24 | 4 | 0.955 |
I believe generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT can improve my digital competence. /I believe Generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT can improve students’ digital competence | 454 | 3.8 | 4 | 1.06 | 180 | 3.83 | 4 | 1.12 |
I believe generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT can improve my overall academic performance. /I believe Generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT can improve students’ overall academic performance | 455 | 3.67 | 4 | 1.18 | 180 | 3.63 | 4 | 1.36 |
I believe generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT can help me save time. /I believe Generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT can help students save time | 453 | 4.23 | 4 | 0.848 | 180 | 4.06 | 4 | 1.01 |
I think generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT can help me become a better writer. /I think Generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT can help students become a better writer | 455 | 3.46 | 4 | 1.27 | 180 | 3.31 | 3 | 1.45 |
I believe AI technologies such as ChatGPT can provide me with unique insights and perspectives that I may not have thought of myself. /I believe AI technologies such as ChatGPT can provide students with unique insights and perspectives that they may not have thought of themselves | 455 | 3.84 | 4 | 1.13 | 180 | 3.77 | 4 | 1.26 |
I think AI technologies such as ChatGPT can provide me with personalized and immediate feedback and suggestions for my assignments. /AI technologies such as ChatGPT can provide students with personalized and immediate feedback and suggestions for their assignments | 455 | 3.75 | 4 | 1.14 | 180 | 3.86 | 4 | 1.34 |
I think AI technologies such as ChatGPT is a great tool as it is available 24/7. /I think AI technologies such as ChatGPT is a great tool for students as it is available 24/7 | 455 | 4.16 | 4 | 0.893 | 180 | 3.81 | 4 | 1.17 |
I think AI technologies such as ChatGPT is a great tool for student support services due to anonymity | 455 | 3.91 | 4 | 1.12 | 180 | 3.77 | 4 | 1.29 |