International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education

Table 4 Descriptive data and the ANCOVA result of the learning motivation for the three groups

From: Developing a gamified artificial intelligence educational robot to promote learning effectiveness and behavior in laboratory safety courses for undergraduate students

Group	N	Pre-test Mean	Post-test
Group	N	Pre-test Mean	Mean	S.D	Adjusted mean	F	Post Hoc
(1)GAIER	18	3.31	3.96	0.44	4.06	3.864^*	(1) > (3)
(2)AR	19	3.62	3.91	0.55	3.87
(3)TI	16	3.65	3.67	0.54	3.61

^{*p < 0.05}

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