Table 1 The labels, descriptions, and ranges of the attributes considered in this study
From: Attending lectures in person, hybrid or online—how do students choose, and what about the outcome?
Label | Description | Range |
|---|---|---|
CanExplain | “I could explain the concepts to fellow students” | 1 (do not agree)–5 (completely agree) |
CoursePrepared | “The course prepared me for the exam” | 1 (do not agree)–5 (completely agree) |
CourseSatisfaction | “I was satisfied with the course” | 1 (do not agree)–5 (completely agree) |
EstimatedGrade | Student-estimated grade on the exam | 1.0 (worst)–6.0 (best) |
ExamAlignment | “Knowledge tested and level required were aligned with teaching” | 1 (do not agree)–5 (completely agree) |
ExamCorresponds | “How much did the exam correspond to your expectations?” | 1 (not at all)–5 (completely) |
ExamEmphasis | “The exam emphasized ...” | 1 = facts; 2 = connections; 3 = applications |
ExamEnviron | “The exam environment was appropriate” | 1 (do not agree)–5 (completely agree) |
ExamFairness | “The exam was fair” | 1 (do not agree)–5 (completely agree) |
ExamFormulations | “Formulations on the exam were clear” | 1 (do not agree)–5 (completely agree) |
ExamGrade | Actual grade on the exam (from administrative system) | 1.0 (worst)–6.0 (best) |
ExamSameCond | “During the exam, everyone had the same conditions” | 1 (do not agree)–5 (completely agree) |
ExamTime | “The time for the exam was ...” | 1 (way to short)–3 (reasonable) |
FacComExpect | “Faculty clearly communicated expectations” | 1 (do not agree)–5 (completely agree) |
Gender | Gender (from administrative system) | 1 = male; 2 = female |
LearnConnect | “I tried to connect the topics and my previous knowledge” | 1 (do not agree)–5 (completely agree) |
LearnEnjoy | “I enjoyed learning the topics” | 1 (do not agree)–5 (completely agree) |
LearnGroup | “I learned in groups” | 1 (never)–5 (frequently) |
LearnMinEffort | “I only invested minimal effort” | 1 (never)–5 (frequently) |
LearnMorePos | “I could have studied more intensively” | 1 (never)–5 (frequently) |
LearnPersist | “If I encountered difficulties with a topic, I did not give up” | 1 (do not agree)–5 (completely agree) |
LiveCampus | “I attended lectures live on campus” | 1 (almost never)–5 (always) |
LiveOnline | “I attended lectures live online” | 1 (almost never)–5 (always) |
MatPrepared | “The course materials prepared me for the exam” | 1 (do not agree)–5 (completely agree) |
PriorInterest | “I was interested in the topics before the course” | 1 (do not agree)–5 (completely agree) |
RecOnly | “I only watched the recording instead of attending lecture” | 1 (almost never)–5 (always) |
RecPrepared | “The recordings prepared me for the exam” | 1 (do not agree)–5 (completely agree) |