Multimodal learning analytics of collaborative patterns during pair programming in higher education

Table 2 The summative assessment framework of collaborative product

Dimension	Sub-dimension	Rating rules
Dimension	Sub-dimension	Low (1 point)	Medium (3 points)	High (5 points)
1. Problem solving (Zheng et al., 2022)	1a. Finish time	The students failed to complete the task in 25 min	The students completed the task in 20–25 min	The students completed the task less than 20 min
1. Problem solving (Zheng et al., 2022)	1b. Completeness	All task requirements were not completed	Parts of the task requirements were completed	All of the task requirements were completed
2. Coding skill (Wang et al., 2021; Xu et al., 2022)	2a. Coding structure	The students didn’t not use the coding blocks correctly	The students used more than 30 coding blocks to finish the task correctly	The students used less than 30 coding blocks to finish the task correctly
2. Coding skill (Wang et al., 2021; Xu et al., 2022)	2b. Coding function	The students used functional blocks if and loop incorrectly	The students used functional blocks if and loop correctly but did not use them effectively	The students used functional blocks if and loop correctly and used them effectively