Table 7 Themes and sub-themes extracted from student reflections under two conditions

1. Perceptions of the feedback

a) Timely offering and check of the feedback

33

25

b) Positive attitudes towards the feedback

28

20

c) Asking for more specific suggestions on writing

12

19

2. Effects of feedback on group’s collaborative learning

a) Self-reflection about the group collaboration

18

3

b) Increased communications with peers

11

4

c) Regulations of collaborative writing

4

7

d) Improvement on the writing products

8

2

3. Attitudes toward online collaborative writing

a) Sharing of information and expansion of ideas

15

11

b) Convenience to record, share, and regulate writing

13

10

c) No limitations of distance, location, or time

6

0

d) Inefficiency of collaborative writing or communication

9

12