Table 9 Definitions with message instances of the five categories in cognitive presence
ID | Cognitive phases | Brief definition | Message examples |
|---|---|---|---|
1 | Triggering event | Messages state users’ confusions | “I do find it difficult to override over 30 years of the normalisation of poorly constructed sentences” |
2 | Exploration | Messages provide information about the cause of the confusion but without a coherent conclusion | “Both overthinking and underthinking leads you to live in low levels of consciousness. I think that [one of the users] explains very well how to find the spot between the two approaches” |
3 | Integration | Messages propose coherent conclusions to improve the confusing situation with sufficient substantiation | “I think this counter argument works colloquially but not technically it doesn’t follow from the premises that having a job will stop you wanting an iPhone unless you add an implied premise to that effect” |
4 | Resolution | Messages apply, test, or argue the previous conclusions, usually as new constructs | “Another way to test it would be to see if similar positions eg heads of industry are also held by more left-handed people than statistics would suggest. It would be incredibly difficult to iron out other possible factors…” |
0 | Other | Messages that do not fall into any of the above categories | “Thanks. I start that Mooc in May” |