Table 1 Measurement scales and sources
Concept/Context | Construct | Measurement scale source |
|---|---|---|
TAM | Perceived usefulness | Modified from Lee et al. (2005) |
Perceived ease of use | Modified from Lee et al. (2005) | |
Attitude toward using | Modified and further developed from Vladova et al. (2021) | |
Behavioral intention to use | Modified from Lee et al. (2005) | |
Digital competences | Information and data literacy | Adopted from Rubach and Lazarides (2021) |
Communication and collaboration | Adopted from Rubach and Lazarides (2021) | |
Digital content creation | Adopted from Rubach and Lazarides (2021) | |
Safety and security | Adopted from Rubach and Lazarides (2021) | |
Problem-solving | Adopted from Rubach and Lazarides (2021) | |
Analyzing and reflecting | Adopted and modified from Rubach and Lazarides (2021) | |
Self-organization abilities | General self-organization abilities | Adopted from Klein et al. (2021) |
Self-organization abilities during digital learning | Adopted and modified from Klein et al. (2021) | |
Independent learning abilities | Independent learning abilities | Adopted from Macaskill and Taylor (2010) |
User resistance | User resistance | Modified from Kim and Kankanhalli (2009) |