International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education

Table 4 Comparison of experimental conditions (control, non-gamified; and experimental; gamified) in terms of participants’ IDE usage in each time-point (TP)

From: Gamification suffers from the novelty effect but benefits from the familiarization effect: Findings from a longitudinal study

	Yuen-Welch test				Effect size
TP	t(df)	p	p-adj	95% CI	ES	95% CI
1	12.132 (186.58)	0.000	0.000	− 78.997 − 56.898	0.599	0.469 0.719
2	18.060 (282.93)	0.000	0.000	− 73.875 − 59.354	0.717	0.594 0.812
3	3.347 (120.61)	0.001	0.002	− 72.908 − 18.713	0.213	0.064 0.367
4	3.692 (126.42)	0.000	0.001	− 44.746 − 13.517	0.214	0.067 0.368
5	1.935 (113.97)	0.056	0.056	− 34.214 0.405	0.123	0.000 0.288
6	3.233 (154.58)	0.002	0.002	− 31.532 − 7.611	0.199	0.038 0.346
7	3.227 (132.07)	0.002	0.002	− 25.468 − 6.109	0.199	0.037 0.354

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