Patterns of student collaborative learning in blended course designs based on their learning orientations: a student approaches to learning perspective

Table 5 Comparison of the proportions of collaborative modes

Collaborative modes	UC		MC		RC		Pairwise comparison	z	p
Collaborative modes	No	%	No	%	No	%	Pairwise comparison
Face-to-face	20	28%	39	35%	24	43%	UC = MC	1.00	0.32
							UC < RC	3.30	0.00
							MC = RC	1.00	0.32
Dual modes	52	72%	71	65%	32	57%	UC = MC	1.00	0.32
							UC > RC	3.30	0.00
							MC = RC	1.00	0.32

The significant results are bolded
UC Understanding Collaboration pattern, MC Mixed Collaboration pattern, RC Reproducing Collaboration pattern