Table 1 Themes and items of the survey questionnaire
Themes | Survey items | Source literature (theories, concepts, and empirical studies) |
|---|---|---|
Procedure | If the learning and teaching procedures followed a systematic sequence, sufficient time, required clarifications and suitable assessment activities | Systematic sequence of teaching (Kim, 2018; Muijs & Reynolds, 2017) The importance of questioning and clarification in pedagogic practice (Perrott, 2014) Importance of assessment in teaching and learning (Baird et al., 2017) |
Content | If the learning materials were proper, understandable, contemporary, and multimedia-based | Links between learning content and effective teaching (Ball, & Bass, 2000; Jones, 1987) Qualities of learning material (Hansen & Gissel, 2017) |
Motivation | If the sessions were interesting, inspiring, profession-relevant, and satisfying | Impacts of content, process, and environment on student motivation (Williams & Williams, 2011) Concept of self-efficacy and learning experience (Bandura, 1977) |
Engagement | If the session facilitated conscious learning, active participation, sharing of ideas, and accomplishment of the set goals | Need for conscious and active engagement in learning (Zepke, 2015) Engagement through attention, interaction and sharing (Lawson & Lawson, 2013) Links between student engagement, active learning and learning outcomes (Hartikainen et al, 2019; Lei & Zhou, 2018) |