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International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education

Table 10 ANCOVA results for HOTS

From: Empowering ChatGPT with guidance mechanism in blended learning: effect of self-regulated learning, higher-order thinking skills, and knowledge construction

Variable

SS

df

Mean Square

F

p

Partial η2

Critical thinking

182.17

1

182.17

41.73

 < 0.001***

0.418

Problem-solving

130.6

1

130.6

38.7

 < 0.001***

0.400

Creativity

10.63

1

10.63

8.98

0.004**

0.134

  1. Bold values represent significant difference
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