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Table 6 Independent-samples t-test for the experimental groups’ progress in vocabulary learning

From: Brain-based CALL in flipped higher education GE courses held through LMS: Boosting vocabulary learning and reading comprehension

 

Levene’s test for equality of variances

t-test for equality of means

F

Sig

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean difference

Std. error difference

95% Confidence interval of the difference

Lower

Upper

Dif.VOC

Equal variances assumed

1.878

0.176

− 3.341

59

0.001

− 4.220

1.263

− 6.748

− 1.692

Equal variances not assumed

  

− 3.357

55.53

0.001

− 4.220

1.257

− 6.739

− 1.701