Table 2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Published Jan 2018 to 18 July 2023

Published before Jan 2018

Applications of AI in education

Not about artificial intelligence

Formal teaching and learning setting

Informal learning/not formally recognised

Journal articles or conference papers

Editorials, book chapters, meeting abstracts, workshop papers, posters, book reviews, dissertations

Secondary research with a method section

Primary research or literature review with no formal method section

English language

Not in English