Face-to-face vs. blended learning in higher education: a quantitative analysis of biological science student outcomes

Table 2 Average final sitting module marks across seven first year modules in the two years of study; 2018–2019 (F2F) and 2020–2021 (BL)

	Face-to-face learning (%)		Blended learning (%)		P value	Signif.
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Biology in practice	62.3	8.9	58.3	13.1	0.0156	*	↓
Genetics and evolution	56.5	14.2	51.2	12.8	0.0079	***	↓
Introduction to cell biology	65.1	11.4	68.7	11.8	0.036	*	↑
Ecology	51.9	9.3	54.8	14.7	0.064	ns
Biodiversity	53.5	13.2	62.5	14.5	< 0.0001	***	↑
Anatomy and physiology	55.5	14.6	50.8	13.6	0.038	*	↓
Chemistry for biologists	59.2	17.5	53.3	10.3	0.0199	*	↓

Data are mean ± standard deviation. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01, ns denotes not significant; T-test. Arrows denote a significant increase or decrease in BL marks compared to F2F marks