What rationale would work? Unfolding the role of learners’ attitudes and motivation in predicting learning engagement and perceived learning outcomes in MOOCs

Table 7 Convergent validity and internal reliability

Constructs	Parameters of significant test		Composite reliability	Average of Variance Extracted	Cronbach’s a
	Factor loading	Measurement error
AT			0.985	0.957	0.807
AT1	0.764***	0.034
AT2	0.782***	0.031
AT3	0.883***	0.024
SE			0.983	0.936	0.792
SE5	0.700***	0.041
SE6	0.738***	0.037
SE7	0.779***	0.033
SE8	0.725***	0.038
IV			0.987	0.950	0.897
IV1	0.818***	0.024
IV3	0.690***	0.039
IV4	0.819***	0.027
IV7	0.745***	0.034
TE			0.988	0.953	0.835
TE2	0.813***	0.030
TE3	0.797***	0.031
TE4	0.785***	0.032
TE5	0.783***	0.032
LENG			0.952	0.944	0.932
CE2	0.692***	0.036
CE3	0.760***	0.030
CE6	0.731***	0.032
CE7	0.734***	0.032
CE8	0.794***	0.026
BE1	0.822***	0.023
BE2	0.697***	0.036
BE4	0.703***	0.035
BE5	0.655***	0.039
EE1	0.770***	0.029
EE2	0.749***	0.031
EE3	0.688***	0.037
PLO			0.988	0.952	0.862
PLO1	0.726***	0.034
PLO3	0.826***	0.025
PLO4	0.809***	0.027
PLO7	0.725***	0.034

AT = Attitudes, SE = Self-efficacy, IV = Intrinsic value, TE = Task effort cost, LENG = Learning engagement, CE = Cognitive engagement, BE = Behavioral engagement, EE = Emotional engagement, PLO = Perceived learning outcomes. ***p < 0.001