International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education

Table 6 Descriptive statistics and discriminant validity

From: What rationale would work? Unfolding the role of learners’ attitudes and motivation in predicting learning engagement and perceived learning outcomes in MOOCs

Construct	Mean	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis	AVE	AT	SE	IV	TE	LE	PLO
AT	3.529	0.818	− 0.751	0.397	0.957	0.978
SE	3.700	0.628	− 1.028	2.367	0.936	0.351	0.967
IV	3.563	0.778	− 0.790	1.312	0.950	0.349	0.327	0.975
TE	2.981	0.834	0.056	− 0.326	0.953	− 0.066	0.010	0.008	0.976
LENG	3.752	0.565	− 0.920	3.216	0.944	0.213	0.218	0.287	0.035	0.972
PLO	3.745	0.606	− 0.663	1.580	0.952	0.211	0.203	0.255	0.036	0.226	0.976

AT = Attitudes, SE = Self-efficacy, IV = Intrinsic value, TE = Task effort cost, LENG = Learning engagement, PLO = Perceived learning outcomes. Boldface elements on the diagonal are the square root of the average variance extracted

Back to article page