What rationale would work? Unfolding the role of learners’ attitudes and motivation in predicting learning engagement and perceived learning outcomes in MOOCs

Table 5 Results of moderation analyses of task effort cost

	Learning engagement				Perceived learning outcomes
			95% CI for main & moderating effects				95% CI for main & moderating effects
Dependent variables	B	SE	BootLLCI	BootULCI	B	SE	BootLLCI	BootULCI
Attitudes	0.442***	0.107	0.231	0.653	0.403***	0.119	0.169	0.638
Self-efficacy	0.424***	0.122	0.183	0.665	0.420**	0.138	0.148	0.692
Attitudes × task effort cost	− 0.092**	0.032	− 0.155	− 0.029	− 0.075*	0.036	− 0.146	− 0.005
Self-efficacy × task effort cost	− 0.058	0.038	− 0.133	0.017	− 0.071	0.043	− 0.156	0.013

Moderator = Task effort cost, Covariate = Intrinsic value. ***p < 0.001. **p < 0.01. *p < 0.05