What rationale would work? Unfolding the role of learners’ attitudes and motivation in predicting learning engagement and perceived learning outcomes in MOOCs

Table 1 Demographic and descriptive statistics of participants (n = 232)

Measures	Items	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Gender	Female	165	71.1
	Male	67	28.9
Age	≤ 22	181	78.0
	23–25	41	17.7
	≥ 25	10	4.3
Academic degree	Undergraduate students	177	76.3
	Graduate students	45	19.4
	Ph.D. students	0	0
	Other	10	4.3
Discipline of the MOOC learners recently attended	Natural science	12	5.2
	Humanities & Social science	149	64.2
	Medical science	27	11.6
	Agricultural science	2	0.9
	Engineering & Technology science	42	18.1
Types of MOOCs	Credit course	160	69
	Non-credit course	72	31