Table 2 Pre and post-test scores of pre-service EFL teachers' OISS

Disorientation – pre-test

16.9286

28

3.20796

− 0.759

27

0.454

Disorientation – post-test

17.3571

28

2.57069

Evaluation – pre-test

8.8571

28

2.46027

− 24.298

27

0.000*

Evaluation – pre-test

20.5714

28

2.64475

Purposeful thinking – pre-test

18.5714

28

3.86272

− 2.045

27

0.051

Purposeful thinking – post-test

19.9643

28

3.20280

Select main ideas – pre-test

13.8571

28

3.00264

− 2.757

27

0.010*

Select main ideas – post-test

15.0357

28

2.54562

Trial & error – pre-test

14.2500

28

2.31940

− 2.738

27

0.011*

Trial & error – post-test

15.4643

28

2.26866

Control – pre-test

18.6786

28

3.46467

− 1.681

27

0.104

Control – post-test

19.8214

28

3.07985

Problem-solving – pre-test

13.5714

28

2.02628

0.343

27

0.735

Problem-solving– post-test

13.4286

28

2.23488

OISS – pre-test

115.2857

28

13.94661

− 2.465

27

0.020*

OISS – post-test

121.6429

28

11.85160