International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education

Table 6 Results of sequential analysis of log data in the individual-learning condition

From: A familiar peer improves students’ behavior patterns, attention, and performance when learning from video lectures

Z-score	Pa	Pl	GF	GB	TE	SE
Pa	− 8.02	− 0.36	− 3.54	− 0.60	17.37	− 6.64
Pl	17.74	− 7.89	− 1.18	− 1.39	− 2.38	− 6.26
GF	− 1.55	− 3.03	14.25	0.89	− 3.19	− 3.92
GB	0.20	− 1.45	0.54	6.38	− 0.03	− 5.11
TE	− 4.06	− 6.41	− 4.90	0.10	− 8.02	24.71
SE	− 5.54	20.89	− 1.35	− 4.74	− 5.31	− 5.34

Pa: Pause; Pl: Play; GF: Go forward; GB: Go backward; TE: Type explanation; SE: Send explanation. Values in bold indicate that the behavior path is significant (p < 0.05)

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