University students’ intentions to learn artificial intelligence: the roles of supportive environments and expectancy–value beliefs

Table 3 Latent mean difference across field of study, gender, and year level

	Facilitating conditions	Supportive social norms	Self-efficacy in learning AI	Perceived usefulness of AI	Intentions to learn AI
Field of study	0.08	0.17*	0.11	− 0.01	0.13
Gender	0.41***	0.25**	0.41***	0.04	0.23**
Year level	0.00	− 0.17*	− 0.11	0.02	− 0.04

The reference groups were humanities and social sciences, female, and junior students, respectively
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001