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International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education

Table 3 Mediation effects for treatment on academic achievement

From: Insights from a randomized controlled trial of flipped classroom on academic achievement: the challenge of student resistance

Statistics

Total effect

Direct effect

Indirect effect

Coefficient

0.102

0.163**

− 0.061***

Standard errors

0.069

0.072

0.025

t-values

1.480

2.275

− 2.597

p-values

0.140

0.023

0.009

  1. For the total and direct effects, the standard errors are robust standard errors. For the indirect effect the standard errors are bootstrapped standard errors. Previous controls including instructor-fixed effects are included in all regressions
  2. ***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; *p < 0.10
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