Fig. 2

A hypothesized model with new constructs explaining and predicting higher-education students’ accpetance and actual use of digital academic reading tools on computers. AE academic experience, EA ease of access to academic reading materials, PECL perceived ease for collaborative learning, LPR lecture’s positive response, SE self-efficacy, EAA expectation of academic achievement, PU perceived usefulness, PEU perceived ease of use, ATT attitude, IU intention to use