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Table 3 Description of the water-saving game and game elements

From: Interactive effects of scaffolding digital game-based learning and cognitive style on adult learners’ emotion, cognitive load and learning performance

Element

Water-saving game

Rule

This game is operated by “clicking.” The player should click on “the best water-saving solution” to win scores. The rules are the same in each task, shown as Fig. 4

A sense of victory

When the player completes a task, he/she will be satisfied with his/her success. Through the final rank of water-saving score, learners could obtain the successful experience, and has a sense of satisfaction and pleasure, shown as Fig. 5

Competitiveness and challenge

The player can choose the best water-saving solution. When the player clicks on an improper method, he/she will consume more water, and the player will feel challenging. After completing all stages, the amount of water consumption and water saving of each player will be shown publicly and players can compare their scores. The rank will endow the game with a sense of competitiveness, shown as Fig. 6