Table 2 Factors, items and reliability values

Flexibility of time management

α = 0.80

I can decide when I want to learn

I can define my own learning pace

I can repeat the subject matter at will

Flexibility of teacher contact

α = 0.84

I can contact the teacher at any time

There are different ways of contacting the teacher

Flexibility of content

α = 0.82

I have a say regarding the focus of the topics class

I can prioritise topics in my learning

I can choose between different learning forms, including on-campus study, online study, and self-study

I can study topics of special interest

Self-regulated effort

α = 0.71

I often lose focus when I study, so I quit before I finish what I planned to do (reversed)

I work to do well at school even if I get confused

When coursework is unclear, I give up or only study the easy parts (reversed)

Even when study materials are complex, I manage to keep working until I finish

Satisfaction (SAT)

α = 0.94

Overall, I am satisfied with online education

The courses contributed to my educational development

I am satisfied with the level of interaction that happened in the courses

I am satisfied with taking fully online courses in this process