Table 1 Phases of action research (Mills, 2011; Stringer, 2008; Ferrance, 2000; Sagor, 2010)

Identify the specific problem. Reflection directed toward identifying a situation

• The new concept of OER -based learning has not been introduced yet for the undergraduate learners.

• Defining the research aim, objectives

• Identify the suitable research methodology

Develop and implement a new strategy or approach to address your question

• Designing of intervention course for selected student group

• Develop the OER-based course addressing the research objectives

• Designing of the questionnaire – data collection methods

• Making learners aware of the new intervention course

Decide on how, when, what, where the data collection happens

• Decide on the target group

• Conduct of sample survey

• Redesign the survey based on the outcomes of sample survey

• Student notifications on the survey

• Conduct the final online surveys

• Collect the learner feedback

Analysis of data using a proper statistical method

• Derive the outcomes of a dataset using proper statistical methods

• Identifying new patterns, insights, models derived from analysis

Derive the outcomes and identify the differences and new insights

• Identify the differences after introducing OER-based learning.

• Discuss the relevant modifications done for the future courses

• Derive a plan of actions to integrate OER into online courses