Table 1 A Summary of the Patterns of Exploratory Feedback Exchanges in FFPR
Source | Findings |
|---|---|
Stanley (1992) | Advising, eliciting and questioning for evaluators while clarifying, responding to questions and expressing intended meaning for writers. |
Beason (1993) | Problem-detecting, advising, altering and describing with advice as the highest occurred type. |
Mendonca & Johnson, (1994) | Questions such as seeking explanation and comprehension check, explanation of unclear points, opinion and content, restatement, suggestion and grammar correction. |
Mendonca and Johnson (1994) | Seeking explanation & checking confirmation, explanation of unclear point, restatement, providing opinions, suggestions and correction. |
Zhu (1995) | Questioning, requesting clarifications, responding, providing information, eliciting feedback, identifying various problems and clarifying intended meaning. |
Lockhart and Ng (1995) | Summarizing essays, expressing intention, providing suggestions, evaluation, and providing information. |
Villamil and De Guerrero (1996) | Requesting advice, advising, responding to advice, eliciting, responding to eliciting, reacting, requesting clarifications, clarifying & restating. |
McGroarty and Zhu (1997) | Seeking clarifications-clarifying, providing information, seeking information & providing suggestions. |
De Guerrero and Villamil (2000) | Suggestions/advice, subtle hints, elicitations, providing alternatives, instructing or providing instruction in the form of a mini lesson, defining and using L1. |
Zhu (2001) | Advising, eliciting, questioning, elaborating, hedging, confirming & justifying. |
Min (2005) | Clarifications of intentions, problem-identification, explanation of the nature of the problem, and offering specific suggestions. |
Lina & Samuel (2013) | Correction of errors, providing restatement, using questions, suggestions, repeating, explanation, confirmation & identifying errors. |
Hanjani and Li (2014) | Scaffolding (e.g. instructing, advising) accepting advice, requesting advice, restating, assessing, question-response (e.g. seeking clarifications), confirming understanding, persisting, expressing certainty-uncertainty, expressing knowledge-lack of knowledge, expressing inability, expressing understanding, clarifying, justifying & responding to question. |