Integration of artificial intelligence performance prediction and learning analytics to improve student learning in online engineering course

Table 3 The comparison of social engagement between two conditions

SNA metrics	Condition	Mean	Std	F	p	Comparison
Density	Control	1.41	1.06	4.90	0.000***	Exp > Control
Density	Exp	2.44	1.39	4.90	0.000***	Exp > Control
APL	Control	1.06	0.11	7.92	0.039*	Exp > Control
APL	Exp	1.11	0.14	7.92	0.039*	Exp > Control
Average degree	Control	5.46	4.25	4.83	0.000***	Exp > Control
Average degree	Exp	9.52	5.64	4.83	0.000***	Exp > Control
Average Closeness	Control	0.62	0.22	1.80	0.012*	Control > Exp
Average Closeness	Exp	0.50	0.24	1.80	0.012*	Control > Exp
Average Betweenness	Control	0.14	0.29	10.39	0.030*	Exp > Control
Average Betweenness	Exp	0.29	0.38	10.39	0.030*	Exp > Control
GCC	Control	0.33	0.35	1.80	0.006**	Exp > Control
GCC	Exp	0.51	0.33	1.80	0.006**	Exp > Control
Centralization	Control	2.10	1.98	0.78	0.007**	Exp > Control
	Exp	3.29	2.42
	Exp	0.05	0.07
ICV	Control	1.86	0.94	0.03	0.535	–
ICV	Exp	2.18	1.00	0.03	0.535	–