International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education

Table 7 Results of sequential analysis of log data in the IE + NC-L group

From: Co-learner presence and praise alters the effects of learner-generated explanation on learning from video lectures

Z-score	Pa	Pl	GF	GB
Pa	− 4.39	12.64	− 4.96	− 3.29
Pl	8.09	− 5.78	− 3.61	2.02
GF	− 1.89	− 4.99	9.54	− 3.78
GB	− 2.56	− 0.66	− 1.81	5.50

Pa = Pause; Pl = Play; GF = Go forward; GB = Go backward. Values in bold indicate that the behavior path is significant (p < 0.05)

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