International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education

Table 6 Results of sequential analysis of log data in the IE + C-L group

From: Co-learner presence and praise alters the effects of learner-generated explanation on learning from video lectures

Z-score	Pa	Pl	GF	GB
Pa	− 5.45	16.89	− 6.91	− 3.11
Pl	11.77	− 5.52	− 6.47	1.30
GF	− 4.52	− 6.99	11.07	− 1.83
GB	− 1.60	− 3.36	0.75	4.33

Pa = Pause; Pl = Play; GF = Go forward; GB = Go backward. Values in bold indicate that the behavior path is significant (p < 0.05)

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