International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education

Table 3 Results of sequential analysis of log data in the LE + C-L + Pr group

From: Co-learner presence and praise alters the effects of learner-generated explanation on learning from video lectures

Z-score	Pa	Pl	GF	GB	TE	SE
Pa	− 8.40	− 3.39	− 2.71	0.58	19.50	− 7.63
Pl	22.38	− 8.02	− 0.64	− 0.01	− 7.36	− 7.44
GF	− 0.25	− 0.57	5.35	2.92	− 1.23	− 2.41
GB	0.55	− 0.67	7.57	0.39	1.11	− 4.61
TE	− 7.22	− 7.21	− 2.71	0.06	− 8.56	25.54
SE	− 7.32	20.79	− 1.84	− 2.25	− 4.33	− 6.68

Pa = Pause; Pl = Play; GF = Go forward; GB = Go backward; TE = Type explanation; SE = Send explanation. Values in bold indicate that the behavior path is significant (p < 0.05)

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