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Table 3 Descriptive statistics of different operation types and total system usage time for high and low performance groups

From: Early-warning prediction of student performance and engagement in open book assessment by reading behavior analysis

Operation name

Before assessment

During and after assessment

High (n = 78)

Low (n = 86)

High (n = 78)

Low (n = 86)

OPEN

1.39 (1.68)

1.78 (1.56)

1.70 (1.32)

1.55 (1.10)

CLOSE

6.92 (9.52)

10.56 (11.06)

4.64 (4.13)

6.94 (4.42)

NEXT

22.55 (41.12)

31.95 (39.77)

24.29 (25.18)

27.93 (18.29)

PREV

11.19 (31.02)

15.68 (30.71)

9.25 (14.16)

12.02 (10.70)

PAGE_JUMP

0.34 (1.07)

0.48 (1.33)

0.14 (0.63)

0.17 (0.57)

ADD BOOKMARK

0.02 (0.14)

0 (0)

0.01 (0.10)

0 (0)

ADD MARKER

0.39 (2.18)

0.16 (0.76)

0.68 (5.33)

0 (0)

ADD MEMO

0.06 (0.35)

0.07 (0.4)

0.07 (0.63)

0 (0)

CHANGE MEMO

0.01 (0.1)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

DELETE BOOKMARK

0.02 (0.14)

0 (0)

0.01 (0.10)

0 (0)

DELETE MARKER

0.26 (1.42)

0.01 (0.11)

0.01 (0.10)

0 (0)

DELETE_MEMO

0.01 (0.1)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Total Time

100.99 (182.90)

129.07 (164.82)

2082.06 (7679.58)

3361.30 (12,290.48)