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Table 1 A summary of AR applications and technologies in AC education

From: Augmented reality in architecture and construction education: state of the field and opportunities

Title

Authors

Year

AR features-type

Building tools-software

Assets-augmented parameters

Hardware

Teaching Building Sciences in Immersive Environments: A Prototype Design, Implementation, and Assessment

Vassigh, S. Davis, D

Behzadan, A. H. Mostafavi, A. Rashid, K. Alhaffar, H. Elias, A

Gallardo, G

2020

Marker-based-AR

Unity 3D, compasses, accelerometers, and GPS

3D objects, texts, notifications (beams, columns, and the foundation with steel reinforcements and connection details; additional information such as type, size, and weight)

HHD with embedded sensors such as gyroscopes, marker

Evaluating the use of augmented reality technology to improve construction management student’s spatial skills

Kim, Jeffrey

Irizarry, Javier

2020

Marker-based-AR

Autodesk’s 123D Design, Augment

Paper lab assignment

Marker, HHD – Apple iPad® with installed AR software, marker

A Conceptual Framework for Enriching Architectural Classroom with Mobile Augmented Reality

Hosny, Samir Sadek

Abdel Mohsen, Sherif

Mansour, Shireen Adel

2019

Marker-based-AR

3Ds Max 2014, Maya and Google Sketch up, and AR-media™ V2.3 plug-in and AR

Media Player from Google Play on mobile device

3D learning content, annotations,

HHD- Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge cell phone equipped with 16MP camera and Android 5.0.2 Lollipop software, marker

Cross-reality environments in smart buildings to advance STEM cyberlearning

De Amicis, R. Riggio, M. Shahbaz Badr, A

Fick, J. Sanchez, C. A

Prather, E. A

2019

Marker-less-AR

BIM, CAD

Building information

HMD (iHelmet), consisting of a mini projector and an iPod touch mounted on a security helmet, mouse and keyboard, 3D controllers, or multi-touch displays

Development and evaluation of an augmented reality learning tool for construction engineering education

Luo, X

Mojica Cabico, C. D

2018

Marker-based-AR

AutoDesk Revit, Sketchup, Unity, Vuforia

3D objects (various bridge structure)

HHD, marker

A Novel Augmented Reality Guidance System for Future Informatization Experimental Teaching

Cao, Yanpeng

Tang, Yongming

Xie, Yi

2018

Marker-less-AR

Unity3D, Vuforia

SDK, android platform

Image targets and 3D multi-target configurations

EPSON BT-350 AR glasses

Toward future ‘mixed reality ‘learning spaces for STEAM education

Birt, James

Cowling, Michael

2017

Marker-based-AR

Unity3d, Vuforia

3D spatial object

Samsung and a BYOD mobile phone, marker

Augmented reality gaming in sustainable design education

Ayer, Steven K Messner, John I Anumba, Chimay J

2016

Marker-based-AR

Unknown

3D objects, exterior wall designs

HHD, marker

Augmented reality visualization: A review of civil infrastructure system applications

Behzadan, A. H

Dong, S

Kamat, V. R

2015

Location-based-AR

Unknown

3D objects

Attitude of the camera (Electronic Compass. Location of the world origin (RTK GPS), Lens and aspect ratio of camera (Camera), Perspective projection matrix

Geo-located teaching using handheld augmented reality: good practices to improve the motivation and qualifications of architecture students

Riera, Albert Sánchez

Redondo, Ernest

Fonseca, David

2015

Geo-location-based AR

SketchUp and

3dsMax, Layar

Volumetric models and texture designs

Mobile device equipped with a camera, GPS and 3G connection, Layar Viewer

Design and assessment of a mobile augmented reality-based information delivery tool for construction and civil engineering curriculum

Shirazi, A

Behzadan, A. H

2015

Marker-based-AR

AREL extensible markup language (XML), AREL JavaScript, Junaio

3D) objects and other virtual multimedia (e.g., sound, video, and graphs)

HHD-Android and iOS operating systems, marker

Content Delivery Using Augmented Reality to Enhance Students' Performance in a Building Design and Assembly Project

Shirazi, Arezoo

Behzadan, Amir H

2015

Marker-based-AR

Augmented reality experience language (AREL), Junaio

(1) the static extensible markup language (XML) to define the content and linkages, (2) the Javascript logic to define dynamic parts such as user interactions, and (3) the content itself which includes 3D objects, images, and other multimedia files

3D objects, images, and other multimedia

HHD- Mobile device, marker

Using augmented reality prototypes in design education

Chandrasekera, Tilanka

2014

Marker-based-AR

3Ds Max/Sketchup, BuildAR

3D objects, and other multimedia

HHD (with built-in webcam) and a marker

Enabling discovery‐based learning in construction using telepresent augmented reality

Behzadan, Amir H

Kamat, Vineet R

2013

Marker-based-AR

Unity3D, Vuforia

3D objects, video, material

2Dmarker AR, HMD containing a GPS device + smart glove equipped with a touch sensor, marker

Impact of an augmented reality system on students' motivation for a visual art course

Di Serio, Ángela

Ibáñez, María Blanca

Kloos, Carlos Delgado

2013

Marker-less-AR

Superimposition AR

Popcode

Digital data to images of the masterpieces

Images and information

HHD (with built-in webcam)

EcoMOBILE: Integrating augmented reality and probeware with environmental education field trips

Kamarainen, Amy M

Metcalf, Shari Grotzer, Tina Browne, Allison Mazzuca, Diana Tutwiler, M Shane Dede, Chris

2013

Marker-based-AR

FreshAiR, augmented reality development

platform (playfreshair.com), Vuforia

Media and information

MoGo Mobile, mobile wireless devices, marker

Augmented reality in architecture degree: new approaches in scene illumination and user evaluation

Redondo Domínguez, Ernesto, Fonseca Escudero, David Sánchez Riera, Alberto Navarro Delgado, Isidro

2012

Marker-based-AR

Gimp, SketchUP, Autocad, 3Ds Max, Build-Ar, Mr Planet, Ar-media Inglobe Technologies, Junaio

3D models and objects

HHD, iPhone and Android Os, laptops or school notebooks, marker

A collaborative augmented reality-based modelling environment for construction engineering and management education

Behzadan, Amir H

Iqbal, Asif

Kamat, Vineet R

2011

Marker-based-AR

Unity3D, Vuforia

Contextual information in textual or graphical format

2Dmarker AR head-mounted display (HMD) containing a GPS device + smart glove equipped with a touch sensor, marker

Use of tangible and augmented reality models in engineering graphics courses

Chen, Y. C. Chi, H. L. Hung, W. H. Kang, S. C

2011

Marker-based-AR

ARToolKitPlus library

3D geometry, 3D objects

HHD (with built-in webcam) and a marker