International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education

Table 4 Interconnections of the latent variables for first-order constructs

From: How learner engagement impacts non-formal online learning outcomes through value co-creation: an empirical analysis

Constructs	BE	CE	EE	EV	FV	PV	SV	IO	EO
BE	*0.856*
CE	0.822	*0.799*
EE	0.833	0.711	*0.860*
EV	0.791	0.749	0.730	*0.843*
FV	0.761	0.769	0.729	0.772	*0.751*
PV	0.741	0.710	0.480	0.509	0.502	*0.867*
SV	0.769	0.726	0.718	0.822	0.735	0.499	*0.856*
IO	0.741	0.436	0.456	0.522	0.490	0.855	0.496	*0.843*
EO	0.776	0.496	0.479	0.514	0.482	0.819	0.480	0.802	*0.847*

^*Diagonal items in italics show the square root of the AVE. Off-diagonal items show the correlations between constructs

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