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Table 4 Examples of verbatim positive and negative usability comments related to intrinsic, germane and extraneous cognitive load (CL) types

From: “Connecting concepts helps put main ideas together”: cognitive load and usability in learning biology with an AI-enriched textbook

Positive /negative

ICL-related

GCL-related

ECL-related

Positive

“I really liked that whenever I forgot the definition of something, I could just click on the word and be reminded of the definition. That saved me a hell of a lot of time while reading […]”

“The connection of concepts really helps put main ideas together”

“the immense amount of graphs/figures provided”

 

“I like that the vocabulary is underlined and if you forget a word, you can click on it and be reminded”

“I also really like the feature where you can ask the AI-book to compare topics. This was really helpful […] when I got confused on the similar terminology”

“Media hyperlinks are easier than having to go to a separate device to watch videos”

 

“Being able to click on various terms while reading to get definitions, explanations, etc. was really helpful”

“Connections of concepts to other chapters to build (or review) understanding to maintain learning foundation”

“Easy to use”

Negative

“Not enough inline [dotted] definitions”

“The AI is not good enough at answering basic questions related to the content”

“The search is [sic] works in a poor and frustrating manner: forcing me to use complete sentences […] (my habit is for words over sentences as this is the convention of all internet search nowadays […])”

 

“Memorizability is still worse with this compared to a paper book due to lack of sense of location when reading”

“I think the search engine, while amazing, could be further tweaked to really break down the topics, specifically with the comparison feature”

“It seemed to take a long time for the answers to load after i [sic] submitted a query”

 

“Too many things to remember while using the AI-book”

“Connections between concepts not always made apparent. More depth would be useful”

“Only available on iPads and not online/Android”