Defining and measuring completion and assessment biases with respect to English language and development status: not all MOOCs are equal

Table 5 DIF methods on the course 3.MatSelx

Method	Original model	MH	Logistic
Number of items in Model	36	35	33
Number of removed items (%)	–	1 (3%)	3 (8%)
Mean ability for developed	0.03	0.02	0.01
Mean ability for developing	− 0.46	− 0.48	− 0.44
Difference between means (%)	0.49	0.5 (102%)	0.45 (92%)