Table 5 Frequently used key phrases
From: Past, present, and future of smart learning: a topic-based bibliometric analysis
Key phrases | 1997–2004 | 2005–2012 | 2013–2019 | 1997–2019 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | % | A | % | A | % | A | % | |
Smart classroom | 17 | 80.95 | 54 | 60.67 | 160 | 35.96 | 231 | 41.62 |
Smart learning environment | 0 | 0.00 | 5 | 5.62 | 65 | 14.61 | 70 | 12.61 |
Smart learning | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 4.49 | 60 | 13.48 | 64 | 11.53 |
Learning process | 1 | 4.76 | 2 | 2.25 | 54 | 12.13 | 57 | 10.27 |
Smart device | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 3.37 | 32 | 7.19 | 35 | 6.31 |
Mobile device | 0 | 0.00 | 6 | 6.74 | 26 | 5.84 | 32 | 5.77 |
Learning analytics | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 29 | 6.52 | 29 | 5.23 |
Learning experience | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 3.37 | 26 | 5.84 | 29 | 5.23 |
Collaborative learning | 1 | 4.76 | 3 | 3.37 | 18 | 4.04 | 22 | 3.96 |
Smart education | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.12 | 21 | 4.72 | 22 | 3.96 |
E-learning system | 1 | 4.76 | 5 | 5.62 | 15 | 3.37 | 21 | 3.78 |
Augmented reality | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 20 | 4.49 | 20 | 3.60 |
Information technology | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 2.25 | 18 | 4.04 | 20 | 3.60 |
Smart phone | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 3.37 | 16 | 3.60 | 19 | 3.42 |
Mobile technology | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.12 | 18 | 4.04 | 19 | 3.42 |
Virtual reality | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.12 | 17 | 3.82 | 18 | 3.24 |
Communication technology | 0 | 0.00 | 5 | 5.62 | 12 | 2.70 | 17 | 3.06 |
Smart learning system | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 2.25 | 15 | 3.37 | 17 | 3.06 |
Case study | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 2.25 | 14 | 3.15 | 16 | 2.88 |
Artificial intelligence | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 2.25 | 12 | 2.70 | 14 | 2.52 |
Cloud computing | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 2.25 | 12 | 2.70 | 14 | 2.52 |
Interactive learning | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 3.37 | 11 | 2.47 | 14 | 2.52 |
Learning style | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 14 | 3.15 | 14 | 2.52 |
Smart technology | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.12 | 13 | 2.92 | 14 | 2.52 |
Smart university | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 14 | 3.15 | 14 | 2.52 |
Learning outcome | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.12 | 11 | 2.47 | 12 | 2.16 |
Ambient intelligence | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 3.37 | 8 | 1.80 | 11 | 1.98 |
Computing technology | 2 | 9.52 | 0 | 0.00 | 8 | 1.80 | 10 | 1.80 |
Context-aware application | 0 | 0.00 | 6 | 6.74 | 4 | 0.90 | 10 | 1.80 |
Real time | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 10 | 2.25 | 10 | 1.80 |
Virtual classroom | 3 | 14.29 | 3 | 3.37 | 4 | 0.90 | 10 | 1.80 |
College student | 1 | 4.76 | 0 | 0.00 | 8 | 1.80 | 9 | 1.62 |
Conceptual model | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 9 | 2.02 | 9 | 1.62 |
Flipped classroom | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 9 | 2.02 | 9 | 1.62 |
Intelligent classroom | 1 | 4.76 | 3 | 3.37 | 5 | 1.12 | 9 | 1.62 |
Multi-agent system | 2 | 9.52 | 1 | 1.12 | 6 | 1.35 | 9 | 1.62 |
Wireless network | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 2.25 | 7 | 1.57 | 9 | 1.62 |
Big data | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 8 | 1.80 | 8 | 1.44 |
Computer science | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 8 | 1.80 | 8 | 1.44 |
Context awareness | 0 | 0.00 | 5 | 5.62 | 3 | 0.67 | 8 | 1.44 |
Online learning | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 8 | 1.80 | 8 | 1.44 |
Primary school | 1 | 4.76 | 0 | 0.00 | 7 | 1.57 | 8 | 1.44 |
Wireless communication | 1 | 4.76 | 3 | 3.37 | 4 | 0.90 | 8 | 1.44 |
Active learning | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.12 | 6 | 1.35 | 7 | 1.26 |
Adaptive learning | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.12 | 6 | 1.35 | 7 | 1.26 |
Cloud service | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.12 | 6 | 1.35 | 7 | 1.26 |
Computing device | 1 | 4.76 | 0 | 0.00 | 6 | 1.35 | 7 | 1.26 |
Deep learning | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1.57 | 7 | 1.26 |