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Table 2 Analysis of indirect and total effects between key factors

From: Examining the key influencing factors on college students’ higher-order thinking skills in the smart classroom environment

 

Path

Effect value

 

Account (indirect/total)

SCP → LS

 

47.4%

Direct effect

SCP → LS

 

0.286

Indirect effect

SCP → LM → LS

0.510*0.505 = 0.258

0.258

Total effect

 

0.544

SCP → HOTS

 

100%

Direct effect

SCP → HOTS

 

0.000

Indirect effect

SCP → LM → HOTS

0.510*0.244 = 0.124

0.232

SCP → LS → PI → HOTS

0.286*0.298*0.665 = 0.057

SCP → LM → LS → PI → HOTS

0.510*0.505*0.298*0.665 = 0.051

Total effect

 

0.232

LM → HOTS

 

29.1%

Direct effect

LM → HOTS

 

0.244

Indirect effect

LM → LS → PI → HOTS

0.505*0.298*0.665 = 0.100

0.100

Total effect

 

0.344