Table 4 Descriptive Statistics and t-test Results for TPACK-practical and Its Subscales
Factors | Pre-training | Post-training | t-test | p | ES | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||
Using ICT to understand students | 3.08 | .84 | 3.61 | .77 | −4.42 | <.0001 | .66 |
Using ICT to understand subject content | 3.13 | .99 | 3.58 | .78 | −3.24 | .0019 | .50 |
Planning ICT-infused curricula | 3.20 | .84 | 3.76 | .84 | −3.96 | .0002 | .67 |
Using ICT representations to present materials | 3.29 | 1.07 | 3.81 | .85 | −3.07 | .0031 | .54 |
Using ICT-integrated teaching strategies | 3.09 | .95 | 3.63 | .77 | −3.49 | .0009 | .62 |
Applying ICT to instructional management | 3.11 | .92 | 3.68 | .81 | −3.89 | .0002 | .66 |
Infusing ICT into teaching contexts | 3.14 | .96 | 3.71 | .85 | −3.79 | .0003 | .63 |
Using ICT to assess students | 2.99 | 1.00 | 3.53 | .87 | −3.47 | .001 | .58 |
TPACK-practical | 3.13 | .84 | 3.66 | .74 | −4.08 | .0001 | .67 |