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International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education

Table 4 t-statistics of experimental self-efficacy and test groups

From: Virtual experimental platforms in chemistry laboratory education and its impact on experimental self-efficacy

Groups

ESE-pre

ESE-post

 

M

σ

t

p

M

σ

t

p

CG

23.04

5.57

0.20

0.84

38.76

12.84

-5.71

0.00*

EG

22.82

5.31

  

50.22

6.08

  
  1. *Significant at the p <0.05 level
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