Table 2 Data Sources and Tools used for TA in Education
From: Teaching analytics, value and tools for teacher data literacy: a systematic and tripartite approach
Source of Data | Tools used to Capture Data | Variables Measured | Examples | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Digital Trace Data | Computer, smartphones and other smart devices including tablets, IWB, and IRS. | Page views, Downloads, Videos watched, Attempted questions. | LMS Logs, OLM Logs, e-book Logs, Network Logs, Application Logs. | (Barmaki and Hughes 2015; Gauthier 2013; Ginon et al. 2016; Goggins et al. 2016; Libbrecht et al. 2013; Saar et al. 2017; Saar et al. 2018; Suehiro et al. 2017; Vatrapu et al. 2012; Xu and Recker 2012) |
Image Data | Document Camera, Computer cameras, Smartphone cameras and Stand-alone video cameras. | Frames, Picture points, Shape, Image recognition. | Images, Pictures, Skeleton Infrared Images. | |
Physiological Data | Wearable Wristband, Eye-tracker, Electroencephalogram (EEG), Accelerometers. | Heart rate, Skin response, Eye movement, Brain activity, Body movement, Body gesture, Emotional activation, Area of interest, Attention, Heatmap, Frustration, Engagement, Meditation, Excitement, Fixation | Eye-tracking Data, EEG Data, Accelerometer Data. | (Pantazos and Vatrapu 2016; Prieto et al. 2016; Prieto et al. 2017; Prieto et al. 2018) |
Stream Data | Smartphone (audio recorder and audio-visual recorder), Camera (smartphone-camera and recorder, eye-tracker audio-visual camera and recorder, HD camcoders, stand alone video cameras) | Extracted features: Total near faces per frame, Maximum blur faces per frame, Enveloped skewness. | Audio data, Video data. | (Barmaki and Hughes 2015; Goggins et al. 2016; KU et al. 2018; Prieto et al. 2016; Saar et al. 2017; Thomas 2018) |
Social Data | Social media platforms, email service provides, MOOCs and LMS discussion forums. | Context, Content, Sentiments, Topics, Meaning, Summary. | Charts, Posts, Replies, Shares, Likes, Tweets, Retweets. | (Chounta et al. 2016; Goggins et al. 2016; Pantazos et al. 2013; Vatrapu et al. 2013) |
Text Data | Document Camera, Smartphone and Computers | Context, Content, Sentiment, Topics, Meaning, Summary, Intention. | Qualitative data, Quantitative data, Essay write-ups, Student feedback, Speech-to-text, Repertory grid data. | (Gauthier 2013; Müller et al. 2016; Saar et al. 2018; Sergis and Sampson 2016; Taniguchi et al. 2017; Vatrapu et al. 2013) |