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Table 3 Results: common complaints and pedagogical implications

From: Improving online video lectures: learning challenges created by media

Category

Common complaint

Theory

Source

Pace

The information is delivered too quickly.

Limited Capacity Theory

Mayer and Moreno (2003)

The information is delivered too slowly.

Reversal effect

Koumi (2013)

Intelligibility

The video is too small.

Extraneous Processing

Leppink et al. (2013)

Cierniak et al. (2009)

The text is too small.

The voice of the instructor is too low.

The instructor’s voice is distorted.

Quality

There is poor video quality.

Concentration, interest, and attention reduction

Molnar (2017)

There is poor image quality.

The video lecture is outdated.

Engagement reduction

Curry et al. (n.d.)

Media diversity

The video lecture lacks media diversity.

Generative Theory

Mayer (2014)

Congruence

The video lecture contains extraneous noise.

Extraneous processing

Leppink et al. (2013)

Cierniak et al. (2009)

The video lecture requires split-attention.

Media sources are out of sync.